• Pest spreads to maximum extent

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
• Bulbs or tubers

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]				4
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]				4
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]					5
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]					5
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	20
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	100

Key mitigation for pest

Regulated quarantine pest

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]		2
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]		2
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]			3
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]					5
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	6
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	30

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Country / Territory			Status			Notes
Europe
	Bulgaria		Present			Few occurrences.
	Italy		Present			Under eradication.
	Portugal		Present			Few occurrences
	Russia		Present
	Poland		Present			Present, at low prevalence.
	Greece		Present
	Hungary		Present
	Netherlands		Absent			Eradicated
	Romania		Present
	Slovakia		Present
	Türkiye		Present
	Belgium		Present
	Czech Republic		Present (Limited)			Under eradication
	Germany		Present
	France		Present
	United Kingdom		Present (Limited)			Under eradication
	Serbia		Present
	Spain		Present
North America
	Mexico		Present
	United States		Present
South America
	Ecuador		Present
	Guyana		Present
	Paraguay		Present (Limited)
	Suriname		Present
	Brazil		Present
	Chile		Present
	Colombia		Present
	French Guiana		Present
	Peru		Present
	Uruguay		Present
	Venezuela		Present
	Argentina		Present
	Bolivia		Present
Oceania
	Papua New Guinea		Present
	New Zealand		Present
	Australia		Present
	New Caledonia		Present
Africa
	South Africa		Present
	Zambia		Present
	Reunion		Present
	Malawi		Present
	Mauritius		Present
	Libya		Present
	Kenya		Present
	Ethiopia		Present
	Egypt		Present
	Cameroon		Present
	Burundi		Present
	Burkina Faso		Present
	Cote d'Ivoire		Present
	Guinea		Present
	Madagascar		Present
	Niger		Present
	Nigeria		Present
	Rwanda		Present
	Tanzania		Present
	Uganda		Present
Asia
	Pakistan		Present
	Philippines		Present
	Nepal		Present
	Sri Lanka		Present
	South Korea		Present
	Japan		Present
	Iran		Present
	India		Present
	Georgia		Present
	China		Present
	Malaysia		Present
	Myanmar		Present
	Thailand		Present
	Lebanon		Absent			Pest Eradicated
	Indonesia		Unknown			Absent, unreliable record.
	Bangladesh		Unknown			Absent, unreliable record.
	Taiwan		Present
Central America
	Belize		Present
	Cuba		Present
	El Salvador		Present
	Grenada		Present
	Honduras		Present
	Jamaica		Present
	Martinique		Present
	Nicaragua		Present
	Panama		Present
	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines		Present
	Trinidad and Tobago		Present
	Guatemala		Present
	Guadeloupe		Present
	Costa Rica		Present

• Bacterium

Solanum tuberosum

• Capsicum L.
• Capsicum annuum L.
• Heliconia L.
• Solanum lycopersicum L.
• Musa L.
• Nicotiana Linnaeus
• Nicotiana tabacum L.
• Solanum L.
• Solanum dulcamara L.
• Solanum melongena L.
• Solanum nigrum L.
• Solanum tuberosum L.

• N/A

PRA Availability

PRA not available

Regulated quarantine pest. EPPO A2

Action

Statutory action against findings.

General Comments

Long regulated bacterial pest of potatoes and other crops that is present in some UK rivers. Irrigation restrictions reduce the likelihood of introduction to production facilities.

Key uncertainty for pest

Distribution in UK watercourses is unclear, not all watercourses are surveyed.

Climate

Current distribution

Hosts

Impact

Pathways

Regulation

Taxonomy

UK distribution