Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs

Department
for Environment
Food & Rural Affairs

UK Risk Register Details for Erwinia amylovora

This record was last updated on 03/10/2023

Common Names

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Blossom blight
Fire blight
Fireblight
Twig blight of apple

Scenario and Pathways

Scenario for Risk Register

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Pest spreads to maximum extent

Pathway Assessed for Entry to UK

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Common Pathways

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Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
Cut flowers or branches

Risk Ratings and Current Mitigations

Unmitigated Risks

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Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood [1 - 5]				5
Entry The Likelihood of movement of the pest into the UK on a pathway and transfer of that pest to a suitable host. See Guidance Document for more Information Entry [1 - 5]
Establishment The likelihood of the pest surviving and perpetuating in the UK for the foreseeable future after it has entered. See Guidance Document for more Information Establishment [1 - 5]
Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Spread [1 - 5]			4
Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact [1 - 5]		2
Impact - Economic The predicted economic impacts of the pest in the UK. This includes direct effects on yield, quality and possible indirect effects such as trade implications. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Economic [1 - 5]		2
Impact - Environmental The proportion of the environmental value of the plant which is likely to be lost through the introduction of the pest. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Environmental [1 - 5]	1
Impact - Social The predicted social impacts of a pest in the UK, including effects on tourism, amenities and animal and human health. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Social [1 - 5]		2
Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Value at Risk [1 - 5]			4
Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	10
UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	40

Current Mitigations

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Key mitigation for pest

Regulated non quarantine pest.

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

Mitigated Risks

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Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood [1 - 5]		2
Entry The Likelihood of movement of the pest into the UK on a pathway and transfer of that pest to a suitable host. See Guidance Document for more Information Entry [1 - 5]
Establishment The likelihood of the pest surviving and perpetuating in the UK for the foreseeable future after it has entered. See Guidance Document for more Information Establishment [1 - 5]
Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Spread [1 - 5]			4
Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact [1 - 5]		2
Impact - Economic The predicted economic impacts of the pest in the UK. This includes direct effects on yield, quality and possible indirect effects such as trade implications. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Economic [1 - 5]		2
Impact - Environmental The proportion of the environmental value of the plant which is likely to be lost through the introduction of the pest. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Environmental [1 - 5]	1
Impact - Social The predicted social impacts of a pest in the UK, including effects on tourism, amenities and animal and human health. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Social [1 - 5]		2
Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Value at Risk [1 - 5]			4
Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	4
UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	16

Proposed Actions

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Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Distribution and Pest Details

Distribution

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Country / Territory		Status	Notes
Europe
	Slovenia	Present
	Spain	Present
	Sweden	Present
	Portugal	Present	under eradication
	Albania	Present
	Belarus	Present
	Bosnia-Herzegovina	Present
	Republic of North Macedonia	Present
	Moldova	Present
	Montenegro	Present
	Norway	Present
	Russia	Present
	Serbia	Present
	Switzerland	Present
	Türkiye	Present
	Ukraine	Present
	Estonia	Present	under eradication
	Finland	Present	under eradication
	Latvia	Present	under eradication
	Austria	Present
	Belgium	Present
	Bulgaria	Present
	Croatia	Present
	Cyprus	Present
	Czech Republic	Present
	Denmark	Present
	France	Present
	Germany	Present
	Greece	Present
	Hungary	Present
	Ireland	Present
	Italy	Present
	Lithuania	Present
	Luxembourg	Present
	Netherlands	Present
	Poland	Present
	Romania	Present
	United Kingdom	Present (Widespread)
	Slovakia	Present
North America		Present
	Canada	Present
	United States	Present
	Mexico	Present
Oceania		Present
	New Zealand	Present
Africa
	Algeria	Present
	Tunisia	Present (Limited)
	Morocco	Present (Limited)
	Egypt	Present
Asia		Present
	Iran	Present
	Armenia	Present
	Israel	Present
	Kazakhstan	Present
	Syria	Present
	Kyrgyzstan	Present
	Lebanon	Present
	Azerbaijan	Present	Not widely distributed, Under official control
	Georgia	Present
	Saudi Arabia	Present
	South Korea	Present	under eradication
	China	Present
Central America
	Bermuda	Present
	Guatemala	Present

Type of Pest

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Bacterium

Host or Industry at Risk

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Orchard crops

Major Hosts

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Amelanchier Medik.
Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.
Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik.
Amelanchier laevis Wieg.
Chaenomeles Bartl.
Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Ex Spach
Cotoneaster Ehrh.
Cotoneaster bullatus Bois
Cotoneaster buxifolius Wall. Ex Lindl.
Cotoneaster crispii (C. x crispii) Exell
Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid.
Cotoneaster lacteus W.W.Sm.
Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht.
Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. Ex Lindl.
Cotoneaster moupinensis Franch.
Cotoneaster niger (Thunb.) Fries
Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch.
Cotoneaster x watereri Exell
Crataegus L.
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. em. Lindm.
Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand.
Cydonia Mill.
Cydonia oblonga Mill.
Eriobotrya Lindl.
Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.
Malus Mill.
Malus baccata (Linnaeus) Borkhausen
Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
Malus domestica Borkhausen
Mespilus L.
Mespilus germanica L.
Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid.
Pyracantha M.J.Roem.
Pyracantha coccinea M.J.Roem.
Pyracantha crenatoserrata (Hance) Rehd.
Pyrus L.
Pyrus betulifolia Bunge
Pyrus communis L.
Pyrus elaeagrifolia var. kotschyana Pall.
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.F.) Nakai
Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.
Rubus idaeus L.
Rubus nessensis W.Hall
Sorbus L.
Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz
Sorbus aucuparia L.
Photinia davidiana (Decne.) Cardot

Threats to Protected Cultivation

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Forest Tree Pests and Pathogens

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Further Information

PRA

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PRA Availability

PRA not available

Regulation and EPPO listing

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Regulated non quarantine pest. EPPO A2

Actions Indicated

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Action

Statutory action in line with legislation

General Comments

Fireblight, caused by a highly polyphagous bacterium. It has been established in parts of the UK for a long time, but has more recently spread to other areas.

Risk Records for this Pest

Erwinia amylovora [SELECTED]

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Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs

Departmentfor EnvironmentFood & Rural Affairs

UK Risk Register Details for Erwinia amylovora

Common Names

Scenario and Pathways

Scenario for Risk Register

Pathway Assessed for Entry to UK

Common Pathways

Risk Ratings and Current Mitigations

Unmitigated Risks

Current Mitigations

Key mitigation for pest

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

Mitigated Risks

Proposed Actions

Proposed Actions

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Distribution and Pest Details

Distribution

Type of Pest

Host or Industry at Risk

Major Hosts

Threats to Protected Cultivation

Forest Tree Pests and Pathogens

Further Information

PRA

PRA Availability

Regulation and EPPO listing

Actions Indicated

Action

General Comments

Risk Records for this Pest

Department
for Environment
Food & Rural Affairs