Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs

Department
for Environment
Food & Rural Affairs

UK Risk Register Details for Citrus exocortis viroid

This record was last updated on 28/11/2023

Common Names

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Citrus exocortis
Citrus scaly butt
Scaly butt of citrus

Scenario and Pathways

Scenario for Risk Register

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Pest is introduced

Pathway Assessed for Entry to UK

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Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
Seeds

Common Pathways

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Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
Seeds

Risk Ratings and Current Mitigations

Unmitigated Risks

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Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood [1 - 5]			3
Entry The Likelihood of movement of the pest into the UK on a pathway and transfer of that pest to a suitable host. See Guidance Document for more Information Entry [1 - 5]			3
Establishment The likelihood of the pest surviving and perpetuating in the UK for the foreseeable future after it has entered. See Guidance Document for more Information Establishment [1 - 5]				5
Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Spread [1 - 5]	1
Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact [1 - 5]		2
Impact - Economic The predicted economic impacts of the pest in the UK. This includes direct effects on yield, quality and possible indirect effects such as trade implications. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Economic [1 - 5]		2
Impact - Environmental The proportion of the environmental value of the plant which is likely to be lost through the introduction of the pest. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Environmental [1 - 5]	1
Impact - Social The predicted social impacts of a pest in the UK, including effects on tourism, amenities and animal and human health. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Social [1 - 5]	1
Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Value at Risk [1 - 5]			3
Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	6
UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	18

Current Mitigations

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Key mitigation for pest

Regulated quarantine pest (Great Britain). Regulated non quarantine pest (Northern Ireland).

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

Mitigated Risks

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Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood [1 - 5]			3
Entry The Likelihood of movement of the pest into the UK on a pathway and transfer of that pest to a suitable host. See Guidance Document for more Information Entry [1 - 5]			3
Establishment The likelihood of the pest surviving and perpetuating in the UK for the foreseeable future after it has entered. See Guidance Document for more Information Establishment [1 - 5]				5
Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Spread [1 - 5]	1
Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact [1 - 5]		2
Impact - Economic The predicted economic impacts of the pest in the UK. This includes direct effects on yield, quality and possible indirect effects such as trade implications. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Economic [1 - 5]		2
Impact - Environmental The proportion of the environmental value of the plant which is likely to be lost through the introduction of the pest. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Environmental [1 - 5]	1
Impact - Social The predicted social impacts of a pest in the UK, including effects on tourism, amenities and animal and human health. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Social [1 - 5]	1
Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Value at Risk [1 - 5]			3
Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	6
UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	18

Proposed Actions

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Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Distribution and Pest Details

Distribution

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Country / Territory		Status
Europe
	Austria	Present
	Belgium	Present
	Cyprus	Present
	Czech Republic	Present
	France	Present
	Germany	Present
	Greece	Present
	Italy	Present
	Netherlands	Present
	Slovenia	Present
	Spain	Present
	United Kingdom	Absent
	Montenegro	Present
	Russia	Present
North America
	Canada	Present
	Mexico	Present
	United States	Present
South America
	Argentina	Present
	Bolivia	Present
	Brazil	Present
	Chile	Present
	Colombia	Present
	Peru	Present
	Suriname	Present
	Uruguay	Present
	Venezuela	Present
Oceania
	Australia	Present
	Fiji	Present
	French Polynesia	Present
	New Zealand	Present
	Papua New Guinea	Present
	Samoa	Present
Africa
	Algeria	Present
	Cameroon	Present
	Cote d'Ivoire	Present
	Egypt	Present
	Ethiopia	Present
	Ghana	Present
	Libya	Present
	Madagascar	Present
	Mauritius	Present
	Morocco	Present
	Mozambique	Present
	Nigeria	Present
	Reunion	Present
	Sierra Leone	Present
	Somalia	Present
	South Africa	Present
	Sudan	Present
	Tunisia	Present
Asia
	China	Present
	India	Present
	Indonesia	Present
	Iran	Present
	Iraq	Present
	Israel	Present
	Japan	Present
	South Korea	Present
	Lebanon	Present
	Malaysia	Present
	Oman	Present
	Pakistan	Present
	Philippines	Present
	Saudi Arabia	Present
	Syria	Present
	Taiwan	Present
	Thailand	Present
	United Arab Emirates	Present
	Vietnam	Present
	Yemen	Present
Central America
	Cuba	Present
	Guadeloupe	Present
	Trinidad and Tobago	Present

Type of Pest

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Virus or Viroid

Host or Industry at Risk

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Solanum lycopersicum

Major Hosts

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Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl.
Citrus limon (Linnaeus) N.L.Burman
Citrus paradisi Macfadyen
Citrus reticulata Blanco (S. S.)
Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck
Fortunella Swing.
Impatiens walleriana Hook.F.
Lycianthes Hassl.
Solanum lycopersicum L.
Petunia Juss.
Poncirus Rafin.
Poncirus trifoliata (Linnaeus) Rafinesque
Solanum jasminoides Paxt.
Verbena L.
Citrus

Threats to Protected Cultivation

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Only protected crops

Forest Tree Pests and Pathogens

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Further Information

PRA

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PRA Availability

PRA not available

Regulation and EPPO listing

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Regulated quarantine pest (Great Britain). Regulated non quarantine pest (Northern Ireland).

Actions Indicated

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Action

Statutory action against findings in Great Britain. Statutory action on specified hosts in Northern Ireland.

General Comments

Viroid which affects mainly citrus. Occasional outbreaks on tomato in Europe, but not detected in the UK. Protection of tomato crops remains a priority.

Risk Records for this Pest

Citrus exocortis viroid [SELECTED]

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Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs

Departmentfor EnvironmentFood & Rural Affairs

UK Risk Register Details for Citrus exocortis viroid

Common Names

Scenario and Pathways

Scenario for Risk Register

Pathway Assessed for Entry to UK

Common Pathways

Risk Ratings and Current Mitigations

Unmitigated Risks

Current Mitigations

Key mitigation for pest

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

Mitigated Risks

Proposed Actions

Proposed Actions

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Distribution and Pest Details

Distribution

Type of Pest

Host or Industry at Risk

Major Hosts

Threats to Protected Cultivation

Forest Tree Pests and Pathogens

Further Information

PRA

PRA Availability

Regulation and EPPO listing

Actions Indicated

Action

General Comments

Risk Records for this Pest

Department
for Environment
Food & Rural Affairs