• Pest is introduced

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]			3
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]			3
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]			3
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]				4
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	9
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	36

Key mitigation for pest

Regulated quarantine pest

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]	1
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]			3
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]			3
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]				4
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	3
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	12

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Country / Territory			Status			Notes
Europe
	United Kingdom		Absent
North America
	Canada		Present
	United States		Present
Asia
	Russia		Present (Limited)			Russian Far East
	China		Present
	Japan		Present
	South Korea		Present

• Fungus

Malus, and Juniperus

• Juniperus chinensis L.
• Juniperus chinensis var. procumbens L.
• Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii L.
• Juniperus squamata Buch.-Ham. Ex Lamb./D.Don
• Malus Mill.
• Malus baccata (Linnaeus) Borkhausen
• Malus domestica Borkhausen
• Malus halliana Koehne
• Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh.
• Malus pumila Mill.
• Malus toringo var. toringo (Sieb.) Sieb. Ex De Vriese

• Both protected crops and outdoor production

• Broadleaved & Coniferous

PRA Availability

PRA not available

Regulated quarantine pest (as Gymnosporangium spp.). EPPO A1.

Action

Statutory action against findings

General Comments

A fungal pest mainly of apple and juniper, present in Asia and North America. Prohibitions and controls on the import of hosts from the countries of origin mitigates the risk.

Key uncertainty for pest

Taxonomy of previous interceptions of related species.

Climate

Current distribution

Hosts

Impact

Pathways

Regulation

Taxonomy

UK distribution