• Pest is introduced

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
• Wood packaging material

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
• Non-squared wood
• Wood packaging material
• Hitchhiking
• Firewood

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]			3
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]			3
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]		2
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]					5
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	6
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	30

Key mitigation for pest

Provisional quarantine pest (Great Britain) and regulated quarantine pest (Northern Ireland), both as Euwallacea fornicatus sensu lato. Also regulated quarantine pest (as "non-European Scolytidae spp.")

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]			3
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]			3
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]		2
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]					5
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	6
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	30

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Country / Territory			Status			Notes
Europe
	Netherlands		Absent			Outbreak in botanical glasshouse now eradicated
	Italy		Absent			Outbreak in botanical glasshouse now eradicated
	Poland		Absent			Outbreak in glasshouse, now eradicated
	Germany		Present (Limited)			Outbreak in botanical glasshouse - under eradication
	United Kingdom		Absent
North America
	United States		Present (Limited)			California, Hawaii
South America
	Argentina		Present
	Brazil		Present (Limited)
Oceania
	Samoa		Present
	Australia		Present (Limited)			Under official control
Africa
	South Africa		Present
Asia
	China		Present
	India		Present
	Israel		Present
	Japan		Present
	Malaysia		Present
	Sri Lanka		Present
	Taiwan		Present
	Thailand		Present
	Vietnam		Present
	Palestine, State of		Present

• Insect (Coleoptera)

Broadleaved trees, especially in heated glasshouses

• Acacia Miller
• Acer L.
• Acrocarpus Wight & Arn.
• Afzelia Sm.
• Ailanthus Desf.
• Albizia (= Albizzia) Durazz.
• Alectryon excelsus Gaertn.
• Allophylus natalensis (Sond.) De Winter
• Alnus Mill.
• Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.
• Anisodontea K.B.Presl
• Annona muricata L.
• Archontophoenix alexandrea (F.V.Muell.) H.Wendl. & Drude
• Archontophoenix cunninghamiana H.A.Wendland & Drude
• Banksia L.
• Bauhinia variegata L.
• Bixa orellana L.
• Bombax ceiba L.
• Brachychiton Schott & Endl.
• Buxus sempervirens var. sempervirens L.
• Calodendrum Thunb.
• Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.F. & Thoms.
• Carya Nutt.
• Carya illinoinensis K.Koch
• Cassia fistula L.
• Castanospermum A.Cunn.
• Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq.
• Celtis australis L.
• Ceratonia siliqua L.
• Cestrum nocturnum L.
• Cinchona officinalis L.
• Cocculus laurifolius (Roxb.) Dc.
• Combretum Loefl.
• Coprosma J.R. & G.Forst.
• Cunninghamia R.Br.
• Cupaniopsis anacardioides (A.Rich.) Radlk.
• Cussonia Thunb.
• Delonix regia (Bojer Ex Hook.) Rafin.
• Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn.
• Diospyros L.
• Dombeya Cav.
• Dovyalis caffra (Harv. & Sond.) Warb.
• Dracaena reflexa Lam.
• Duranta L.
• Erythrina L.
• Eucalyptus L'Herit.
• Fagus crenata Blume
• Ficus L.
• Fraxinus L.
• Gleditsia triacanthos L.
• Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. Ex R.Br.
• Grewia occidentalis L.
• Halleria lucida L.
• Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. Ex A.Juss.) Muell.Arg.
• Hibiscus L.
• Howea forsteriana (C.Moore & F.V.Mueller) Beccari
• Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxt.
• Indigofera L.
• Inga edulis Mart./Willd.
• Jacaranda mimosifolia (= mimosaefolia) D.Don
• Juglans
• Koelreuteria Laxm.
• Ligustrum L.
• Liquidambar L.
• Liquidambar styraciflua L.
• Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche
• Maesa Forssk.
• Magnolia L.
• Malus domestica Borkhausen
• Melaleuca L.
• Milicia excelsa (Welw.) Berg
• Morus L.
• Ochroma lagopus Sw.
• Parkinsonia L.
• Persea americana Mill.
• Platanus L.
• Platanus x acerifolia (Aiton) Willdenow
• Plumeria L.
• Podalyria calyptrata (Retz.) Willd.
• Populus L.
• Prosopis articulata S.Watson
• Prunus L.
• Prunus domestica L.
• Psidium L.
• Psoralea L.
• Pterocarya Kunth
• Pyrus calleryana Decne.
• Pyrus communis L.
• Quercus L.
• Quercus robur L.
• Quercus suber L.
• Rhamnus L.
• Ricinus L.
• Ricinus communis L.
• Robinia L.
• Robinia pseudoacacia L.
• Rosa setigera Michx.
• Salix L.
• Sambucus L.
• Sapindus L.
• Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.
• Schinus L.
• Solanum L.
• Sparmannia africana L.F.
• Sterculia L.
• Syzygium Gaertn.
• Theobroma cacao L.
• Toona ciliata M.J.Roem.
• Trema Lour.
• Trichilia emetica (Forssk.) Vahl
• Ulmus L.
• Umbellularia Nees
• Vepris Comm. Ex Juss.
• Viburnum odoratissimum Ker.-Gawl.
• Virgilia Poir.
• Wisteria Nutt.
• Xylomelum Sm.
• Xylosma congestum Merr.
• Zelkova serrata (Thunb. Ex Murr.) Makino
• Brugmansia Pers.
• Citrus
• Acer negundo
• Corymbia K. D. Hill et L. A. S. Johnson, 1995
• Gymnosporia (Wight & Arnott) Bentham & Hooker
• Raphiolepis Lindley

• Only protected crops

• Broadleaved

PRA Availability

UK (2015) - NB before taxonomy of the species group was revised and clarified

Provisional quarantine pest (Great Britain), quarantine pest (Northern Ireland) (both as Euwallacea fornicatus sensu lato). Quarantine pest (as non-European Scolytidae spp.). EPPO A2

Action

Statutory action against findings

General Comments

An ambrosia beetle, native to Asia, now invasive in many parts of the world, including glasshouse outbreaks in Europe. The beetle requires symbiotic fungi to survive, mainly Fusarium euwallaceae (synonym Neocosmospora euwallaceae). Many broadleaved trees grown in the UK are suitable hosts. Climate is likely to limit outdoor establishment in the UK, but heated botanical glasshouses are more at risk.

Key uncertainty for pest

Repeated taxonomic revisions for the species group mean that older data often cannot be unambiguously assigned to a species.

Climate

Current distribution

Hosts

Impact

Pathways

Regulation

Taxonomy

UK distribution