• Pest is introduced

• Wood packaging material

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
• Non-squared wood
• Bark
• Wood packaging material

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]	1
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]			3
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]				4
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]	1
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	4
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	4

Key mitigation for pest

ISPM 15 on wood packaging material. Regulated quarantine pest.

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]	1
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]			3
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]				4
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]	1
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	4
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	4

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Country / Territory			Status			Notes
Europe
	United Kingdom		Absent
North America
	Mexico		Present (Limited)			Baja Norte
	United States		Present (Limited)			California, Nevada, Oregon

• Insect (Coleoptera)

Pinus jeffreyi

• Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf./Murr.

• N/A

• Coniferous

PRA Availability

PRA not available

Regulated quarantine pest (as Scolytidae spp. (non European))

Action

Statutory action in line with legislation

General Comments

North American bark beetle with a limited distribution in that continent. It is only recorded to attack Jeffrey pine, a species not widely grown in the UK. The beetle mainly causes impacts when trees are under stress, e.g. drought.

Key uncertainty for pest

Whether D. jeffreyi is ever associated with any other hosts.

Climate

Current distribution

Hosts

Impact

Pathways

Regulation

Taxonomy

UK distribution