• Pest is introduced

• Non-squared wood
• Bark
• Wood packaging material
• Woodchip

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
• Cut flowers or branches
• Non-squared wood
• Squared wood
• Bark
• Wood packaging material
• Woodchip

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]				4
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]				4
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]				4
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]					5
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	16
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	80

Key mitigation for pest

Regulated quarantine pest and prohibition of some pathways

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]			3
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]				4
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]				4
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]					5
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	12
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	60

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Country / Territory			Status			Notes
Europe
	United Kingdom		Absent
North America
	Canada		Present
	United States		Present
	Mexico		Present
Asia
	China		Present
Central America
	Belize		Present
	Guatemala		Unknown			Uncertain taxonomy, may be a different species
	Honduras		Unknown			Uncertain taxonomy, may be a different species
	Nicaragua		Present

• Insect (Coleoptera)

Pinus (Forestry)

• Larix Mill.
• Picea A.Dietr.
• Pinus L.
• Pinus armandii Franch.
• Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb.
• Pinus bungeana Zucc. Ex Endl.
• Pinus cembroides Zucc.
• Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex Loud.
• Pinus coulteri D.Don
• Pinus echinata Mill.
• Pinus edulis Engelm.
• Pinus engelmannii Carr.
• Pinus flexilis James
• Pinus greggii (Parl.) Engelm.
• Pinus hartwegii Lindley
• Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf./Murr.
• Pinus lambertiana Dougl.
• Pinus leiophylla Cham. & Schlecht./Schiede & Deppe
• Pinus maximinoi H.E.Moore
• Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem.
• Pinus montezumae Lamb.
• Pinus monticola Dougl. Ex D.Don
• Pinus oocarpa Schiede
• Pinus patula Cham. & Schlecht.
• Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex P. & C.Laws.
• Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica Dougl.
• Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl.
• Pinus quadrifolia Parl. Ex Sudw.
• Pinus radiata D.Don
• Pinus resinosa Ait./Soland.
• Pinus rigida Mill.
• Pinus sabiniana Dougl. Ex D.Don
• Pinus strobiformis Engelm.
• Pinus strobus L.
• Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus
• Pinus tabulaeformis Carriere
• Pinus virginiana Mill.
• Pinus pringlei Shaw
• Pinus devoniana Lindl.

• N/A

• Coniferous

PRA Availability

UK (2021)

Regulated quarantine pest (as Scolytidae spp. (non-European)). EPPO A1.

Action

Statutory action against findings. Targeted monitoring at points of entry.

General Comments

Bark beetle native to the Americas but which has caused serious damage to pine trees following its introduction to China. Existing regulations provide protection against risk of introduction, although residual pine bark sometimes remains on packaging material and manufactured products.

Key uncertainty for pest

Whether impacts in the UK would be more similar to China or North America

Climate

Current distribution

Hosts

Impact

Pathways

Regulation

Taxonomy

UK distribution