• Pest is introduced

• Hitchhiking

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
• Cut flowers or branches
• Bark
• Wood packaging material
• Agricultural machinery
• Hitchhiking
• Firewood
• packing cases
• Roundwood of oak with bark present
• vehicles/containers
• Woodchip

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]			3
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]		2
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]			3
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]					5
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	9
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	45

Key mitigation for pest

The prohibition of planting material and the restrictions on high-risk hosts as well as wood/wood material from USA and Canada.

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]			3
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]		2
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]			3
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]					5
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	9
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	45

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Country / Territory			Status			Notes
North America
	Canada		Present			Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec
	United States		Present			Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin
Central America
	Cuba		Present

• Insect (Lepidoptera)

Broadleaved and coniferous trees

• Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.
• Acer L.
• Aesculus hippocastanum L.
• Albizia julibrissin Durazz.
• Alnus Mill.
• Betula L.
• Catalpa Scop.
• Cercis L.
• Fagus L.
• Fragaria L.
• Juglans nigra L.
• Larix Mill.
• Malus Mill.
• Malus domestica Borkhausen
• Picea A.Dietr.
• Pinus strobus L.
• Platanus L.
• Populus L.
• Prunus L.
• Prunus domestica ssp. domestica L.
• Pyracantha coccinea M.J.Roem.
• Pyrus communis L.
• Quercus L.
• Rosa L.
• Rubus L.
• Salix L.
• Tamarix gallica L.
• Tilia americana L.
• Tsuga Carr.
• Ulmus L.
• Vaccinium L.
• Zea L.

• N/A

• Broadleaved & Coniferous

PRA Availability

EPPO PRA

EPPO A1 (2021) Not listed in UK/GB

Action

Statutory action in Great Britain.

General Comments

Polyphagous moth pest from North America which could be damaging to broadleaf, coniferous, fruit, and ornamental trees and some crop species if introduced to the UK, as well as having human health impacts. The main pathway is likely to be on goods (including non-plant material) imported from North America.

Key uncertainty for pest

How much human facilitated movement would add to the spread of this pest.

Climate

Current distribution

Hosts

Impact

Pathways

Regulation

Taxonomy

UK distribution