UK Plant Health Risk Register

Scenario and Pathways

Scenario for Risk Register

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Pest is introduced with vector or finds vector

Pathway Assessed for Entry to UK

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Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)

Common Pathways

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Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
Cut flowers or branches
Non-squared wood

Risk Ratings and Current Mitigations

Unmitigated Risks

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Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood [1 - 5]				4
Entry The Likelihood of movement of the pest into the UK on a pathway and transfer of that pest to a suitable host. See Guidance Document for more Information Entry [1 - 5]				4
Establishment The likelihood of the pest surviving and perpetuating in the UK for the foreseeable future after it has entered. See Guidance Document for more Information Establishment [1 - 5]				4
Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Spread [1 - 5]		2
Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact [1 - 5]			3
Impact - Economic The predicted economic impacts of the pest in the UK. This includes direct effects on yield, quality and possible indirect effects such as trade implications. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Economic [1 - 5]			3
Impact - Environmental The proportion of the environmental value of the plant which is likely to be lost through the introduction of the pest. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Environmental [1 - 5]			3
Impact - Social The predicted social impacts of a pest in the UK, including effects on tourism, amenities and animal and human health. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Social [1 - 5]	1
Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Value at Risk [1 - 5]					5
Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	12
UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	60

Current Mitigations

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Key mitigation for pest

Regulated quarantine pest

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

Mitigated Risks

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Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood [1 - 5]		2
Entry The Likelihood of movement of the pest into the UK on a pathway and transfer of that pest to a suitable host. See Guidance Document for more Information Entry [1 - 5]		2
Establishment The likelihood of the pest surviving and perpetuating in the UK for the foreseeable future after it has entered. See Guidance Document for more Information Establishment [1 - 5]				4
Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Spread [1 - 5]		2
Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact [1 - 5]			3
Impact - Economic The predicted economic impacts of the pest in the UK. This includes direct effects on yield, quality and possible indirect effects such as trade implications. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Economic [1 - 5]			3
Impact - Environmental The proportion of the environmental value of the plant which is likely to be lost through the introduction of the pest. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Environmental [1 - 5]			3
Impact - Social The predicted social impacts of a pest in the UK, including effects on tourism, amenities and animal and human health. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Social [1 - 5]	1
Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Value at Risk [1 - 5]					5
Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	6
UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	30

Proposed Actions

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Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Distribution and Pest Details

Distribution

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Country / Territory		Status	Notes
Europe
	Portugal	Present
	United Kingdom	Absent
	Spain	See Notes	Under erradication
North America		Present
	Canada	Present
	United States	Present
	Mexico	Present
Asia
	China	Present
	Japan	Present
	South Korea	Present
	Taiwan	Present

Type of Pest

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Nematode (Aphelenchida)

Host or Industry at Risk

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Forestry

Major Hosts

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Abies Miller
Cedrus Trew
Coniferous trees
Larix Mill.
Pinus L.
Pinus armandii Franch.
Pinus bungeana Zucc. Ex Endl.
Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.
Pinus echinata Mill.
Pinus elliottii Engelm.
Pinus koraiensis Sieb. & Zucc.
Pinus lambertiana Dougl.
Pinus luchuensis Mayr
Pinus massoniana Lamb.
Pinus nigra Arnold
Pinus pinaster Soland In Ait.
Pinus radiata D.Don
Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus
Pinus tabulaeformis Carriere
Pinus taeda L.
Pinus thunbergii Parl.
Pseudotsuga Carr.
Taxus L.
Thuja L.
Tsuga Carr.
Pinus pinaster subsp. escarena (Risso) K.Richt.

Threats to Protected Cultivation

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Forest Tree Pests and Pathogens

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Coniferous

Further Information

PRA

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PRA Availability

EPPO (2009)

Regulation and EPPO listing

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Regulated quarantine pest, EPPO A2

Actions Indicated

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Action

Statutory action against findings.

General Comments

Nematode pest vectored by Monochamus longhorn beetles. Pest has caused extensive damage in Portugal and areas outside of Europe.

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Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs

Departmentfor EnvironmentFood & Rural Affairs

UK Risk Register Details for Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Common Names

Scenario and Pathways

Scenario for Risk Register

Pathway Assessed for Entry to UK

Common Pathways

Risk Ratings and Current Mitigations

Unmitigated Risks

Current Mitigations

Key mitigation for pest

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

Mitigated Risks

Proposed Actions

Proposed Actions

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Distribution and Pest Details

Distribution

Type of Pest

Host or Industry at Risk

Major Hosts

Threats to Protected Cultivation

Forest Tree Pests and Pathogens

Further Information

PRA

PRA Availability

Regulation and EPPO listing

Actions Indicated

Action

General Comments

Risk Records for this Pest

Department
for Environment
Food & Rural Affairs