UK Plant Health Risk Register

Scenario and Pathways

Scenario for Risk Register

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Pest spreads to maximum extent

Pathway Assessed for Entry to UK

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Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)

Common Pathways

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Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
Soil/growing medium

Risk Ratings and Current Mitigations

Unmitigated Risks

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Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood [1 - 5]		2
Entry The Likelihood of movement of the pest into the UK on a pathway and transfer of that pest to a suitable host. See Guidance Document for more Information Entry [1 - 5]
Establishment The likelihood of the pest surviving and perpetuating in the UK for the foreseeable future after it has entered. See Guidance Document for more Information Establishment [1 - 5]
Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Spread [1 - 5]	1
Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact [1 - 5]				4
Impact - Economic The predicted economic impacts of the pest in the UK. This includes direct effects on yield, quality and possible indirect effects such as trade implications. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Economic [1 - 5]				4
Impact - Environmental The proportion of the environmental value of the plant which is likely to be lost through the introduction of the pest. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Environmental [1 - 5]			3
Impact - Social The predicted social impacts of a pest in the UK, including effects on tourism, amenities and animal and human health. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Social [1 - 5]			3
Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Value at Risk [1 - 5]				4
Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	8
UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	32

Current Mitigations

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Key mitigation for pest

Prohibition of key pathways; movement restrictions around infested UK site

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

Mitigated Risks

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Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood [1 - 5]		2
Entry The Likelihood of movement of the pest into the UK on a pathway and transfer of that pest to a suitable host. See Guidance Document for more Information Entry [1 - 5]
Establishment The likelihood of the pest surviving and perpetuating in the UK for the foreseeable future after it has entered. See Guidance Document for more Information Establishment [1 - 5]
Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Spread [1 - 5]	1
Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact [1 - 5]				4
Impact - Economic The predicted economic impacts of the pest in the UK. This includes direct effects on yield, quality and possible indirect effects such as trade implications. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Economic [1 - 5]				4
Impact - Environmental The proportion of the environmental value of the plant which is likely to be lost through the introduction of the pest. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Environmental [1 - 5]			3
Impact - Social The predicted social impacts of a pest in the UK, including effects on tourism, amenities and animal and human health. See Guidance Document for more Information Impact - Social [1 - 5]			3
Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Value at Risk [1 - 5]				4
Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	8
UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	32

Proposed Actions

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Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Distribution and Pest Details

Distribution

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Country / Territory		Status	Notes
Europe
	United Kingdom	Present (Limited)
	Belgium	Present
	France	Absent	pest eradicated.
	Netherlands	Present (Limited)
	Italy	Present (Limited)
North America
	United States	Present (Limited)
Asia
	South Korea	Present
	Japan	Present

Type of Pest

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Nematode (Tylenchida)

Host or Industry at Risk

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Malus, Ulmus

Major Hosts

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Acer freemanii (A. x freemanii) E.Murray
Acer palmatum Thunb. Ex Murr.
Acer pseudoplatanus L.
Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai
Apium graveolens L.
Brassica L.
Capsicum L.
Castanea crenata Sieb. & Zucc.
Cucumis sativus L.
Euonymus kiautschovica Loes.
Ficus carica L.
Geum L.
Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Lagerstroemia indica L.
Solanum lycopersicum L.
Maclura Nutt.
Malus domestica Borkhausen
Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd.
Malus prunifolia var. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh.
Malus pumila Mill.
Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder
Malus toringo var. toringo (Sieb.) Sieb. Ex De Vriese
Malus x purpurea (Barb.) Rehd.
Morus alba L.
Morus bombycis Koidz.
Morus latifolia Poir.
Prunus serrula Franch.
Prunus yedoensis Matsumura
Quercus robur L.
Rosa L.
Rubus fruticosus Linnaeus
Rubus idaeus L.
Solanum melongena L.
Sorbus aucuparia var. aucuparia L.
Taxus baccata L.
Trifolium repens L.
Ulmus glabra Huds. em. Moss
Ulmus x hollandica Miller
Ulmus japonica (Rehd.) Sarg.
Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.
Vitis vinifera L.
Zelkova serrata (Thunb. Ex Murr.) Makino
Fagus sylvatica L.

Threats to Protected Cultivation

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Forest Tree Pests and Pathogens

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Broadleaved

Further Information

PRA

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PRA Availability

Netherlands (2014), EPPO (2017)

Regulation and EPPO listing

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EPPO A2

Actions Indicated

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Action

Statutory action on planting material of Malus and Ulmus

General Comments

UK (along with certain other European countries) received potentially infested trees in 1992. Nematode populations have recently been detected at least one site in England which received these trees. Main impacts are on apple, mulberry and perhaps elm, and industry should source such material carefully.

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Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs

Departmentfor EnvironmentFood & Rural Affairs

UK Risk Register Details for Meloidogyne mali

Common Names

Scenario and Pathways

Scenario for Risk Register

Pathway Assessed for Entry to UK

Common Pathways

Risk Ratings and Current Mitigations

Unmitigated Risks

Current Mitigations

Key mitigation for pest

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

Mitigated Risks

Proposed Actions

Proposed Actions

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Distribution and Pest Details

Distribution

Type of Pest

Host or Industry at Risk

Major Hosts

Threats to Protected Cultivation

Forest Tree Pests and Pathogens

Further Information

PRA

PRA Availability

Regulation and EPPO listing

Actions Indicated

Action

General Comments

Further Information

Uncertainty

Key uncertainty for pest

Climate

Current distribution

Hosts

Impact

Pathways

Regulation

Taxonomy

UK distribution

Risk Records for this Pest

Department
for Environment
Food & Rural Affairs