• Pest is introduced

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
• Cut flowers or branches

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]			3
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]			3
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]		2
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]				4
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	6
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	24

Key mitigation for pest

Prohibition of key hosts from parts of current range.

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]		2
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]			3
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]		2
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]				4
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	4
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	16

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Country / Territory			Status			Notes
Europe
	United Kingdom		Absent
North America
	United States		Present (Limited)
Asia
	Russia		Present			Far East
	South Korea		Present
	Japan		Present
	North Korea		Present

• Insect (Lepidoptera)

Orchard crops, Rosaceae

• Malus baccata (Linnaeus) Borkhausen
• Malus bracteata Rehd.
• Malus domestica Borkhausen
• Malus glabrata Rehd.
• Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd.
• Malus ioensis (A.Wood) Britt.
• Malus prunifolia var. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh.
• Malus sikkimensis (Wenzig) Koehne Ex Schneid.
• Malus sylvestris subsp. sylvestris (Linnaeus) Miller
• Malus toringo var. toringo (Sieb.) Sieb. Ex De Vriese
• Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes
• Malus yunnanensis (Franch.) Schneid.
• Morus alba L.
• Prunus L.
• Pyrus communis L.
• Pyrus pyraster Burgsd.
• Rosa multiflora Thunb. Ex Murr.

• N/A

• Broadleaved

PRA Availability

UK (1997)

Not currently listed

Action

Statutory action against findings, but not specifically listed in legislation due to existing pathway prohibitions.

General Comments

Major moth pest in Japan which has spread to USA but no evidence it causes problems. Risk to UK mitigated by controls on some of the main hosts.

Key uncertainty for pest

Climate

Current distribution

Hosts

Impact

Pathways

Regulation

Taxonomy

UK distribution