• Pest is introduced

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)

• Plants for planting (except seeds bulbs and tubers)
• Cut flowers or branches

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]			3
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]			3
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]		2
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]				4
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	6
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	24

Key mitigation for pest

Regulated non quarantine pest (Northern Ireland)

Regulation

Surveillance

Industry Scheme

Contingency Plan

Awareness

Research

× Likelihood For "Pest is Introduced" the lowest value of Entry or Establishment, as both are required for a successful introduction. For "Pest Spreads to Maximum Extent" this is an expert judgement on the likelihood of this occurrence. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood [1 - 5]			3
× Spread The rate at which a pest can expand, by natural dispersal only, within an area. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Spread [1 - 5]			3
× Impact The highest value from economic, environmental or social impacts. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Impact [1 - 5]		2
× Value at Risk The value of the hosts or industries at risk from this pest in the UK. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Value at Risk [1 - 5]				4
× Likelihood x Impact The likelihood multiplied by the impact, which shows the risk to the sector. See Guidance Document for more Information Close Likelihood x Impact [1 - 25]	6
× UK Relative Risk Rating Likelihood x Impact x Value at Risk. See Guidance Document for more Information Close UK Relative Risk Rating [1 - 125]	24

Regulation

Deregulation

Management By Industry

Targeted Survey

PRA

Contingency Plan

Publicity

Research

Country / Territory			Status			Notes
Europe
	France		Present (Limited)
	Türkiye		Present
	Spain		Present
	United Kingdom		Absent
	Cyprus		Present
	Italy		Present
North America			Present
	Mexico		Present
	United States		Present
Oceania			Present
	New Zealand		Present
Africa			Present
	Algeria		Present
	Egypt		Present
	Libya		Present
	Madagascar		Present
	Morocco		Present
	Somalia		Present
	Sudan		Present
	Tunisia		Present
Asia
	Malaysia		Present
	Oman		Present
	Pakistan		Present
	United Arab Emirates		Present
	Yemen		Present
	Saudi Arabia		Present
	Iran		Present
	Syria		Present
	Israel		Present
	Iraq		Present
	Jordan		Present
	Lebanon		Present

• Bacterium

Daucus carota

• Allium cepa L.
• Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
• Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. Ex Usteri
• Brassica chinensis L.
• Brassica napus var. napobrassica L.
• Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis subvar. cultiflora L.
• Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera L.
• Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.
• Brassica rapa L. em. Metzg.
• Brassica tournefortii Gouan
• Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees
• Carthamus tinctorius L.
• Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don
• Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands
• Citroncirus webberi Ingram & H.E.Moore
• Citrus aurantium subsp. aurantium Linnaeus
• Citrus jambhiri Lushington
• Citrus limettioides Tanaka
• Citrus limon (Linnaeus) N.L.Burman
• Citrus maxima (Burman) Merrill
• Citrus paradisi Macfadyen
• Citrus reticulata (s.l.)
• Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck
• Citrus x limonia Osbeck
• Citrus x tangelo Ingram & Moore
• Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo L.
• Daucus carota L.
• Digitalis purpurea L.
• Fortunella Swing.
• Hirschfeldia incana (Jusl.) Lagr.-Foss.
• Lactuca L.
• Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill.
• Plantago ovata Forssk.
• Poncirus Rafin.
• Poncirus trifoliata (Linnaeus) Rafinesque
• Prunus avium ssp./var. avium L.
• Prunus persica Batsch
• Pyrus pyraster Burgsd.
• Raphanus raphanistrum L.
• Raphanus sativus Linnaeus
• Sedum praealtum A.Dc. & Sesse Ex Dc.
• Sisymbrium irio L.
• Sisymbrium orientale Torn./L.
• Tagetes erecta L.
• Viola cornuta L.
• Zinnia elegans Jacq.
• Citrus
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.

PRA Availability

PRA not available

Regulated non quarantine pest (Northern Ireland)

Action

No statutory action in Great Britain. Statutory action on specified hosts in Northern Ireland.

General Comments

Spiroplasma affecting citrus and some field vegetables, vectored by leafhopper plant bugs. The pest is present in parts of Europe and elsewhere, but not known to be in the UK. The UK climate is likely to be too cool in summer for high levels of impacts to be seen.

Key uncertainty for pest

Impacts on non-Citrus hosts

Climate

Current distribution

Hosts

Impact

Pathways

Regulation

Taxonomy

UK distribution